Who Should be Considered for Surgery for Stage III Disease and why?

Who Should Be Considered for Islet Transplantation Alone?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Episodic hypoglycemia is an almost inevitable consequence of exogenous insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes, and in up to 30% of patients, this can lead to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. This predisposes to recurrent severe hypoglycemia and has a huge impact on quality of life. Although many patients can get resolution of severe hypoglycemia through novel education and te...

Surgery for chronic aortic regurgitation: when should it be considered?

Deciding when to operate on a patient with chronic aortic regurgitation may be extremely difficult. The timing of surgery requires consideration of the etiology and pathophysiology of the aortic regurgitation, because aortic valve replacement carries morbidity and mortality that must be weighed against the potential problems of continued medical management. Guidelines for the use of surgery in ...

Emergent Colorectal Surgery: What Should Be Considered?

In emergent settings for the treatment of colorectal diseases, diverse complications, including obstruction, perforation, ischemia, and sepsis, contribute to the high risk of both mortality and morbidity in comparison to scheduled settings. According to Western studies, the mortality and the complication rates are high in such cases, ranging from 10% to 25% and 30% to 50%, respectively [13]. Ho...

When should surgery be considered for the treatment of epilepsy?

Staphylococcus lugdunensis; a pathogen that should be considered in Iran

Background: Staphylococcus lugdunensis is Gram-positive cocci of the staphylococcaceae family. S. lugdunensis despite having a clotting factor (wall coagulase), was classified in the coagulase negative staphylococcus group (CoNS) for lack of free coagulase. Although this bacterium is part of the human normal flora, in terms of virulence, S. lugdunensis is in second place after S. aureus. S. lug...